Oil vs Water Vs Lacquer Finishes

Using the correct wood finish is a crucial step in protecting your project and a question we are often asked: “Which finish is the best for my project?”.  The answer depends on a few factors; however, we try to recommend water-based finishes whenever possible.  Oil, water, or lacquer are the liquid solvents in a finishing product, which bind to the solid film-forming components of the finish and eventually dry or evaporate to create the finish.

Oil-Based Wood Finish: Pros vs Cons

Many oil-based paints were banned in California years ago due to environmental concerns. However, they are still available today, with “Alkyd” being the substitute solvent.  When dealing with paint, these finishes are often labeled “oil-modified,” “alkyd,” or “enamel.” Traditional wood clearcoat would have “oil-based ” on its label.

Oil base due to their high solvent content, as well as higher VOC (volatile Organic Compound) content generally form a more durable finish.  The oils interact with the wood and create a unique finish to highlight the character of the wood surface.  This ambering or yellowing of the finish over time give older wood a unique glow and warmth to the finish.  This added durability is often used on hardwood flooring, were frequent traffic is expected.

What are some pros and cons of oil-based finishes?  Some pros could include better working time, slower drying, increased durability, and greater depth of color of the wood.  Some cons of using oil-based finishes include noxious and toxic fumes, long dry times, and potential surface contamination.  In addition flammability and volatility of the uncured finish, and more intensive surface prep on certain materials are factors to consider.  When using any oil-based finishes, we strongly recommend proper PPE (Personal Protective Equipment). Whenever using these products work in well-ventilated areas, and thoroughly research and take caution using the product to avoid fires or combustion.

Water Based Finishes: A Greener Alternative

Water based finishes are newer in the United States, with a lot of advancements over the last 15 years.  A lot of water-based finishes in today’s wood finish market are comparable to oil-based finishes. They offer quicker dry time, create durable and hard film forming finishes, decreased or no noxious fumes, and are safer to apply.

Many water-based finishes are a form of polyurethane, and are more user friendly to work with then oil-based or lacquer-based finishes.  They offer quick dry times, no flammable or combustible fumes, reduced or no VOCs, and are easier to touchup mistakes and blemishes.  Water based finishes are clearer than oil-based and do not amber over time, keeping your wood looking the same for years to come.  Some cons of using water-based finishes include difficulty to achieve consistent results due to decreased working time (especially on large surface areas or application in the sun or higher temperature days), slightly decreased durability compared to oil-based or lacquer finishes, as well as a more “blonde” finish than oil-based finishes.

Despite these potential cons we generally recommend water-based finishes on our projects. Mainly due to the quicker dry time, no noxious fumes, and ease of touchups.  These benefits are great especially when working on projects in inhabited structures.

Lacquer Wood Finish: Professional Application Recommended

Lacquer based finishes are generally marketed for professional use only. A homeowner or DIY’er can purchase the products in big-box or specialty stores. However, achieving good results are often difficult without professional spray equipment and practicing application methods.  Lacquers are commonly used in both clear, tinted or toned, or colored application for trim, doors, and cabinetry.

Lacquers, similar to oil-based finishes, are very noxious and without proper PPE can lead to long-term central nervous system damage.  These finishes often “off gas” most VOCs quickly due to their evaporative nature. But with a 28 day cure time a residual smell is common until they fully cure.  The vapors and mist generated from spraying nitrocellulose lacquer are highly combustible and explosive.  These finishes are only recommended to be used in a qualified and professional cabinet shop. Working in a well ventilated area, or in an uninhabited structure are the best options.

Alternatively, water-based lacquers such as General Finishes, and Target Coatings have gained popularity in recent years.  These lacquers offer a safer alternative then nitrocellulose lacquer as they are water based rather than solvent based.  While there is some noxious fumes when applying, it is still safer.  The spray and vapor is not combustible as the evaporative solvent is water based. The dry time is improved and easier to work with relative to traditional lacquers.  These benefits of using a water based lacquer make it a great alternative to traditional lacquers. Thus recommended for consideration on your home improvement projects.